Monday, May 23, 2011
ruka
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Sunday, May 8, 2011
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„მუსიკა ფლობს მაგიურ ძალას, წამიერად ახდენს გაფანტული გონების კონცენტრაციას და ამშვიდებს აფორიაქებულ სულს“.
ეს სიტყვები 3 საუკუნის წინ დაწერა უილიამ კონგრივ-მა, თავის ჰარმონიი-ს ჰიმნში (“Hymn to harmony”).music_brain
უფრო ადრე კი, საუკუნეების წინ დაწერილი ხელნაწერები გვამცნობდნენ: „მუსიკალური აღზრდა – ყველაზე ძლიერი იარაღია,რამეთუ რითმი და ჰარმონია აღწევს ყველაზე დაცულ,სიღრმისეულ და იდუმალ ადგილებს,ადამიანის სულში“.მსგავსი რაღაც ხდებოდა ფაშისტურ გერმანიაში, როდესაც პუბლიკას ასმენინებდნენ ისეთ მარშს, რომელიც მათ აღაგზნებდათ და ამით საზოგადოებას ამზადებდნენ ადოლფ ჰიტლერი-ს ჰიპნოტიზირებული გამოსვლებისათვის.
რათქმა უნდა მუსიკა მოქმედებს არა მხოლოდ სულზე, ასევე გულზე და გონებაზეც, აქედან გამომდინარე, შესაძლებელია ისინი განვაწყოთ დადებითად ანუ კეთილად, ან პირიქით – ბოროტად.
მაგალითად, ითვლება რომ, კონკრეტული მუსიკალური მიმდინარეობები, ხელს უწყობს ბავშვის აღზრდას, მის გონივრულ და ემოციონალურ ჩამოყალიბებას. მათაც კი, ვისაც მეტყველება უჭირს შეუძლიათ წაიმღერონ ფრაზები იმ მუსიკიდან, რომელთა სიტყვებიც მათთვის რთულად წარმოსათქმელია.
თავის წიგნში „მუსიკა და ტვინი“ („Music and the mind”) ფსიქოლოგი ენტონი სტორ-ი წერს: მუსიკა გასაოცარ ზეგავლენას ახდენს ადამიანებზე,რომლებიც იტანჯებიან ნერვული სისტემის დაავადებით და მოძრაობის ფუნქციის მოშლილობით.
ნიმუშისათვის სთორს მოჰყავს ერთერთი ავადმყოფის მაგალითი, რომელიც დაავადებული იყო პარკინსონის დაავადებით, მოშლილი ჰქონდა ხელ-ფეხის მოძრაობის უნარი და იმდენად უმწეო იყო, საერთოდ ვერ ახერხებდა განძრევას. მაგრამ როდესაც ის შეეცადა და გაიხსენა ბავშვობის დროინდელი მელოდიები, ამან თითქოს გაანთავისუფლა უმოძრაობის ჩარჩოებისგან და მკურნალობის პროცესში გარკვეულ პროგრესს ჰქონდა ადგილი.
ჟურნალში “Sex Roles” მოყვანილია შემდეგი ტიპის ფაქტი: დაკვირვებებმა აჩვენა – თუკი მოზარდი გოგონები იზრდებიან ისეთ ოჯახში, სადაც ხშირია კონფლიქტური სიტუაციები ან არ არის მშვიდი გარემო, იმავდროულად გატაცებულნი არიან როკ მუსიკით და როკ კონცერტების ვიდეო ჩანაწერებით, ასეთ შემთხვევებში, არსებული გარემო შესაძლებელს ხდის, მათ ხედვასა და ქცევაში განავითაროს თავზეხელაღებულობა და დაუმორჩილებლობა.
ნათლად გამოხატული ძალადობა და ღიად მოწოდებული სექსი, რომელიც ხშირად გვხვდება „Rap“ მიმდინარეობის ზოგიერთ მუსიკასა და შესაბამის ვიდეო ჩანაწერებში, მიზეზი გახდა აშშ-ს ერთერთ სასამართლოს ეღიარებინა: ზემოდხსენებული ტიპის, ერთერთი ასეთი „Rap“ ალბომი, როგორც „მიუღებელი საზოგადოებრივი ნორმებისათვის“.
მოყვანილი მაგალითიდან გამომდინარე, ისმის კითხვა: ხომ არ იყო სასამართლოს გადაწყვეტილება ზედმეტად მკაცრი? ოდნავადაც არა! გადაწყვეტილება იყო აბსოლიტურად სწორი!
როგორც მოზარდების ასევე მათი მშობლების ნააზრევიდან გამომდინარე ჟურნალი „Adolescence“ მივიდა ასეთ გადაწყვეტილებამდე: იმ ახალგაზრდების ცხოვრება, რომლებიც აქტიურად უსმენენ „Rap“-ს და „Heavy Metal“-ს ბევრად უფრო მოუწესრიგებელია, სხვა თანატოლებთან შედარებით ასეთი მოზარდები არიან აგრესიულები, იქცევიან გამომწვევად და მათი წარმატებები სკოლაში სულაც არ არის სანიმუშო.
კავშირი არსებული მუსიკალური მიმდინარეობების – სქესობრივ აღვირახსნილობას, თვითმკვლელობას, ანტისაზოგადოებრივ საქციელს და მასიურ მორალურ დეგრადაციას შორის, დამტკიცებულია მრავალრიცხოვანი დოკუმენტური მასალით. მაგრამ ნიშნავს თუარა ეს, რომ ყველა მუსიკალური მიმდინარეობა, ასეთ სულელურ ზეგავლენას ახდენს ყველა ადამიანზე?
რატომ ზემოქმედებს მუსიკა ჩვენზე?
საუბარი და მუსიკა, ეს ის თვისებებია, რომელიც ადამიანს განასხვავებს სხვა დანარჩენი არსებებისგან. მის გარეშე ჩვენი ცხოვრება წარმოუდგენელია. წიგნში “Музыкальный ум” აღნიშნულია, რომ „როგორც საუბარი ასევე მუსიკა, ანარეკლია ურთიერთობისადმი მოთხოვნილების“. მუსიკა რაღაცით გავს საუბარს, როდესაც მუსიკა „ლაპარაკობს“, ჩვენი გრძნობები უსმენენ.
და მაინც, რატომ ან როგორ ახდენს მუსიკა ჩვენზე ზეგავლენას? იმისათვის,რომ გავერკვეთ ამ საკითხში სასურველია ვიცოდეთ:
1) რა ელემენტებს შეიცავს მუსიკა და როგორ აღიქვამს მას ჩვენი გონება.
2) რამდენად არის დამოკიდებული მუსიკის ზემოქმედება ჩვენს ემოციონალურ ფონზე და კულტურულ გარემოზე.
3) როგორ გავლენას ახდენს იგი, ჩვენს მსოფმხედველობაზე.
რა ელემენტებს შეიცავს მუსიკა და როგორ აღიქვამს მას ჩვენი გონება.
სხვადასხვა მუსიკალური ინსტრუმენტების გამორჩეულ ჟღერადობას ხშირად უწოდებენ მუსიკის შემადგენელ ელემენტებს.
ერთერთი ასეთი ელემენტია – ინსტრუმენტის ტემბრი. მაგალითად ითვლება, რომ ვალტორნის კეთილშობილური და მამაკაცური ტემბრი, მკვეთრად განსხვავდება საყვირის მედიდური ტემბრისგან. თუმცაღა ვალტორნაცა და საყვირიც მუსიკალურ ინსტრუმენტთა ერთსა და იმავე კატეგორიას, სასულე ინსტრუმენტებს განეკუთვნება, მაგრამ მიუხედავად ამისა თითოეული მათგანის ჟღერადობას სხვადასხვა სიძლიერის ობერტონი და ჰარმონია ახასიათებს. სწორედ ამიტომაცაა, რომ თითოეულ მუსიკალურ ინსტრუმენტს უნიკალური „ხმა“ გააჩნია.
სავარაუდოა, რომ პირველი ელემენტი მუსიკის, რომელსაც ადამიანი ეცნობა, ეს არის – რიტმი. (უფრო დეტალურად ადამიანის ცხოვრებაში რიტმის წარმოშობის საიდუმლოებებს, შეგვიძლია გავეცნოთ ალექსანდრე სოფიქსის წიგნში “Ум барабанщика”) მისი აღქმა პირველად ხდება ბავშვის მიერ, ჯერ კიდევ ჩანასახად ყოფნის დროს, როდესაც ესმის დედის გულისცემა.
ვარაუდობენ, რომ საკუთარი გულისცემა, აგრეთვე სუნთქვაც, ქვეცნობიერ გავლენას ახდენს, რიტმის აღქმაზე. შესაძლოა ზუსტად ამიტომაც არ არის შემთხვევითი, რომ ადამიანები ძირითადად ამჯობინებენ ისეთ მუსიკალურ მიმდინარეობებს სადაც ტემპი არის 70-100 BPM (Bits Pear Minut). ეს არის ჯანმრთელი, ზრდასრული ასაკის ადამიანის საშუალო პულსი.
მუსიკის შემადგენელი ელემენტების ფართო სპექტრი გამოიხატება უფრო ნათლად, თუ გადავხედავთ სხვადასხვა მუსიკალურ ინსტრუმენტებს და მოვისმენთ მათ ჟღერადობს.
მაგალითად: ფაგოტის სევდიანი ჟღერადობა მსმენელის სიღრმისეულ აღელვებას იწვევს, ხოლო იაპონური ფლეიტა შაკუხაჩი თავისი ნაზი და ნაღვლიანი მოთქმით, ღრმად აღწევს ადამიანის გულში. ტენორ-საქსაფონის ხრინწიანი ხმა, გამოყენებული ბლუზ-მოტივებში,თამამად იჭრება და დიდი ხნის განმავლობაში რჩება ადამიანის გონებაში.
საყვირის რიტმული ბასი მსმენელთა გამოცოცხლებასა და აღფრთოვანებას განაპირობებს. ხოლო ვიოლინოს მელოდიური ხმა აუცილებლად აგაცეკვებთ ვალსის დროს.
ეს სიტყვები 3 საუკუნის წინ დაწერა უილიამ კონგრივ-მა, თავის ჰარმონიი-ს ჰიმნში (“Hymn to harmony”).music_brain
უფრო ადრე კი, საუკუნეების წინ დაწერილი ხელნაწერები გვამცნობდნენ: „მუსიკალური აღზრდა – ყველაზე ძლიერი იარაღია,რამეთუ რითმი და ჰარმონია აღწევს ყველაზე დაცულ,სიღრმისეულ და იდუმალ ადგილებს,ადამიანის სულში“.მსგავსი რაღაც ხდებოდა ფაშისტურ გერმანიაში, როდესაც პუბლიკას ასმენინებდნენ ისეთ მარშს, რომელიც მათ აღაგზნებდათ და ამით საზოგადოებას ამზადებდნენ ადოლფ ჰიტლერი-ს ჰიპნოტიზირებული გამოსვლებისათვის.
რათქმა უნდა მუსიკა მოქმედებს არა მხოლოდ სულზე, ასევე გულზე და გონებაზეც, აქედან გამომდინარე, შესაძლებელია ისინი განვაწყოთ დადებითად ანუ კეთილად, ან პირიქით – ბოროტად.
მაგალითად, ითვლება რომ, კონკრეტული მუსიკალური მიმდინარეობები, ხელს უწყობს ბავშვის აღზრდას, მის გონივრულ და ემოციონალურ ჩამოყალიბებას. მათაც კი, ვისაც მეტყველება უჭირს შეუძლიათ წაიმღერონ ფრაზები იმ მუსიკიდან, რომელთა სიტყვებიც მათთვის რთულად წარმოსათქმელია.
თავის წიგნში „მუსიკა და ტვინი“ („Music and the mind”) ფსიქოლოგი ენტონი სტორ-ი წერს: მუსიკა გასაოცარ ზეგავლენას ახდენს ადამიანებზე,რომლებიც იტანჯებიან ნერვული სისტემის დაავადებით და მოძრაობის ფუნქციის მოშლილობით.
ნიმუშისათვის სთორს მოჰყავს ერთერთი ავადმყოფის მაგალითი, რომელიც დაავადებული იყო პარკინსონის დაავადებით, მოშლილი ჰქონდა ხელ-ფეხის მოძრაობის უნარი და იმდენად უმწეო იყო, საერთოდ ვერ ახერხებდა განძრევას. მაგრამ როდესაც ის შეეცადა და გაიხსენა ბავშვობის დროინდელი მელოდიები, ამან თითქოს გაანთავისუფლა უმოძრაობის ჩარჩოებისგან და მკურნალობის პროცესში გარკვეულ პროგრესს ჰქონდა ადგილი.
ჟურნალში “Sex Roles” მოყვანილია შემდეგი ტიპის ფაქტი: დაკვირვებებმა აჩვენა – თუკი მოზარდი გოგონები იზრდებიან ისეთ ოჯახში, სადაც ხშირია კონფლიქტური სიტუაციები ან არ არის მშვიდი გარემო, იმავდროულად გატაცებულნი არიან როკ მუსიკით და როკ კონცერტების ვიდეო ჩანაწერებით, ასეთ შემთხვევებში, არსებული გარემო შესაძლებელს ხდის, მათ ხედვასა და ქცევაში განავითაროს თავზეხელაღებულობა და დაუმორჩილებლობა.
ნათლად გამოხატული ძალადობა და ღიად მოწოდებული სექსი, რომელიც ხშირად გვხვდება „Rap“ მიმდინარეობის ზოგიერთ მუსიკასა და შესაბამის ვიდეო ჩანაწერებში, მიზეზი გახდა აშშ-ს ერთერთ სასამართლოს ეღიარებინა: ზემოდხსენებული ტიპის, ერთერთი ასეთი „Rap“ ალბომი, როგორც „მიუღებელი საზოგადოებრივი ნორმებისათვის“.
მოყვანილი მაგალითიდან გამომდინარე, ისმის კითხვა: ხომ არ იყო სასამართლოს გადაწყვეტილება ზედმეტად მკაცრი? ოდნავადაც არა! გადაწყვეტილება იყო აბსოლიტურად სწორი!
როგორც მოზარდების ასევე მათი მშობლების ნააზრევიდან გამომდინარე ჟურნალი „Adolescence“ მივიდა ასეთ გადაწყვეტილებამდე: იმ ახალგაზრდების ცხოვრება, რომლებიც აქტიურად უსმენენ „Rap“-ს და „Heavy Metal“-ს ბევრად უფრო მოუწესრიგებელია, სხვა თანატოლებთან შედარებით ასეთი მოზარდები არიან აგრესიულები, იქცევიან გამომწვევად და მათი წარმატებები სკოლაში სულაც არ არის სანიმუშო.
კავშირი არსებული მუსიკალური მიმდინარეობების – სქესობრივ აღვირახსნილობას, თვითმკვლელობას, ანტისაზოგადოებრივ საქციელს და მასიურ მორალურ დეგრადაციას შორის, დამტკიცებულია მრავალრიცხოვანი დოკუმენტური მასალით. მაგრამ ნიშნავს თუარა ეს, რომ ყველა მუსიკალური მიმდინარეობა, ასეთ სულელურ ზეგავლენას ახდენს ყველა ადამიანზე?
რატომ ზემოქმედებს მუსიკა ჩვენზე?
საუბარი და მუსიკა, ეს ის თვისებებია, რომელიც ადამიანს განასხვავებს სხვა დანარჩენი არსებებისგან. მის გარეშე ჩვენი ცხოვრება წარმოუდგენელია. წიგნში “Музыкальный ум” აღნიშნულია, რომ „როგორც საუბარი ასევე მუსიკა, ანარეკლია ურთიერთობისადმი მოთხოვნილების“. მუსიკა რაღაცით გავს საუბარს, როდესაც მუსიკა „ლაპარაკობს“, ჩვენი გრძნობები უსმენენ.
და მაინც, რატომ ან როგორ ახდენს მუსიკა ჩვენზე ზეგავლენას? იმისათვის,რომ გავერკვეთ ამ საკითხში სასურველია ვიცოდეთ:
1) რა ელემენტებს შეიცავს მუსიკა და როგორ აღიქვამს მას ჩვენი გონება.
2) რამდენად არის დამოკიდებული მუსიკის ზემოქმედება ჩვენს ემოციონალურ ფონზე და კულტურულ გარემოზე.
3) როგორ გავლენას ახდენს იგი, ჩვენს მსოფმხედველობაზე.
რა ელემენტებს შეიცავს მუსიკა და როგორ აღიქვამს მას ჩვენი გონება.
სხვადასხვა მუსიკალური ინსტრუმენტების გამორჩეულ ჟღერადობას ხშირად უწოდებენ მუსიკის შემადგენელ ელემენტებს.
ერთერთი ასეთი ელემენტია – ინსტრუმენტის ტემბრი. მაგალითად ითვლება, რომ ვალტორნის კეთილშობილური და მამაკაცური ტემბრი, მკვეთრად განსხვავდება საყვირის მედიდური ტემბრისგან. თუმცაღა ვალტორნაცა და საყვირიც მუსიკალურ ინსტრუმენტთა ერთსა და იმავე კატეგორიას, სასულე ინსტრუმენტებს განეკუთვნება, მაგრამ მიუხედავად ამისა თითოეული მათგანის ჟღერადობას სხვადასხვა სიძლიერის ობერტონი და ჰარმონია ახასიათებს. სწორედ ამიტომაცაა, რომ თითოეულ მუსიკალურ ინსტრუმენტს უნიკალური „ხმა“ გააჩნია.
სავარაუდოა, რომ პირველი ელემენტი მუსიკის, რომელსაც ადამიანი ეცნობა, ეს არის – რიტმი. (უფრო დეტალურად ადამიანის ცხოვრებაში რიტმის წარმოშობის საიდუმლოებებს, შეგვიძლია გავეცნოთ ალექსანდრე სოფიქსის წიგნში “Ум барабанщика”) მისი აღქმა პირველად ხდება ბავშვის მიერ, ჯერ კიდევ ჩანასახად ყოფნის დროს, როდესაც ესმის დედის გულისცემა.
ვარაუდობენ, რომ საკუთარი გულისცემა, აგრეთვე სუნთქვაც, ქვეცნობიერ გავლენას ახდენს, რიტმის აღქმაზე. შესაძლოა ზუსტად ამიტომაც არ არის შემთხვევითი, რომ ადამიანები ძირითადად ამჯობინებენ ისეთ მუსიკალურ მიმდინარეობებს სადაც ტემპი არის 70-100 BPM (Bits Pear Minut). ეს არის ჯანმრთელი, ზრდასრული ასაკის ადამიანის საშუალო პულსი.
მუსიკის შემადგენელი ელემენტების ფართო სპექტრი გამოიხატება უფრო ნათლად, თუ გადავხედავთ სხვადასხვა მუსიკალურ ინსტრუმენტებს და მოვისმენთ მათ ჟღერადობს.
მაგალითად: ფაგოტის სევდიანი ჟღერადობა მსმენელის სიღრმისეულ აღელვებას იწვევს, ხოლო იაპონური ფლეიტა შაკუხაჩი თავისი ნაზი და ნაღვლიანი მოთქმით, ღრმად აღწევს ადამიანის გულში. ტენორ-საქსაფონის ხრინწიანი ხმა, გამოყენებული ბლუზ-მოტივებში,თამამად იჭრება და დიდი ხნის განმავლობაში რჩება ადამიანის გონებაში.
საყვირის რიტმული ბასი მსმენელთა გამოცოცხლებასა და აღფრთოვანებას განაპირობებს. ხოლო ვიოლინოს მელოდიური ხმა აუცილებლად აგაცეკვებთ ვალსის დროს.
Monday, April 18, 2011
"The Spaghetti Incident?"
On November 23, 1993, Guns N' Roses released a collection of punk and glam rock covers entitled "The Spaghetti Incident?". Despite protests from Rose's band-mates, an unadvertised cover of the Charles Manson song "Look at Your Game Girl" was included on the album at his request. Years later, Rose said he would remove the song from new pressings of the album, claiming that critics and the media had misinterpreted his interest in Manson. Axl can be seen wearing a black Manson shirt in the video for "Estranged" from Use Your Illusion II. He also can be seen wearing a red Manson shirt in footage from their show in Milton Keynes, England, in 1993, with the additional text on the back, "Charlie Don't Surf". "Look at Your Game Girl" has not been removed and is still featured on pressings of the album. Despite initial success, "The Spaghetti Incident?" did not match the sales of the Illusion albums and its release consequently led to increased tension within the band.
Hiatus (1994–1998)
Interviews with Guns N' Roses band members suggest that between 1994 and 1996, the band sporadically began to write and record new material, most of which, according to Slash, had been written by Rose.[31] Rose has stated the exact opposite in the open letter on the official Guns N' Roses website, that the album was mostly a "Slash album" and Rose was allowed very little input into the album.[32] At the time, the band had intended to release a single album with 10 or 12 songs.[33]
Regarding the dysfunction of the band's recording at that time, Rose is quoted as saying, "We still needed the collaboration of the band as a whole to write the best songs. Since none of that happened, that's the reason why that material got scrapped."[34]
In December 1994, Guns N' Roses released a cover recording of the Rolling Stones' "Sympathy for the Devil". The song appeared in the film Interview with the Vampire, on the movie's soundtrack and was also released separately as a single. It is the final Guns N' Roses single to feature Slash on lead guitar, Duff McKagan on bass, and Matt Sorum on the drums. It also featured Paul Huge on rhythm guitar, whose presence on the track and in the band created great tension between Rose and Slash, as Slash disliked Huge and felt he had no place nor the 'chops' to fit in G N' R.
The recording of "Sympathy for the Devil", as well as tension between him and Rose, led Slash to quit the band officially in October 1996. He was replaced by Nine Inch Nails touring guitarist Robin Finck in January 1997, who signed a two year contract with the band in August 1997 making him an official member. Slash's departure was followed shortly thereafter by Matt Sorum, who was fired in April 1997 and then by bassist Duff McKagan, who resigned from the band in August 1997. As such, all of the members who had taken part in the recording of Appetite for Destruction (aside from Rose) had departed from the band. Multiple views have been presented on the departures by various band members (current and former). 1994 was the last year Rose held a press conference or performed until 2001 with his new cast. Rose's only performance in 1994 was a duet with Bruce Springsteen on a cover of The Beatles song "Come Together". An actual break-up of Guns N' Roses never occurred, as new players were brought in as the old ones left. (For more information on the personnel changes over the years see the article: "List of Guns N' Roses band members")
McKagan was the last of the Appetite lineup to leave, resigning as bassist in August 1997, being replaced later that year by Tommy Stinson (formerly of The Replacements.) Sorum was replaced by Chris Vrenna for a short time in April to May 1997, followed briefly by Pod, and finally by Josh Freese in the summer of 1997. By the end of 1998, a new version of Guns N' Roses had emerged: many musicians have come and gone from the new band, but the core group has included Rose, Stinson, keyboardist Dizzy Reed and multi-instrumentalist Chris Pitman.
Chinese Democracy (1999–2008)
In 1999, the band released a new song, "Oh My God", which was included on the soundtrack of the film End of Days. The track featured additional guitar work by Dave Navarro and Gary Sunshine, Rose's personal guitar teacher. The song's release was intended to be a prelude to their new album, entitled Chinese Democracy.
The "New" Guns N' Roses, Chinese Democracy (2001-2008)
With nine years having passed since the last Guns N' Roses concert, the band made a public appearance in January 2001, with two well-received concerts, one in Las Vegas and one at the Rock in Rio Festival in Rio de Janeiro. The band played a mixture of songs from previous albums as well as songs from then-unreleased Chinese Democracy. During their Rock in Rio set, Rose made the following comment regarding former members of the band: “I know that many of you are disappointed that some of the people you came to know and love could not be with us here today. Regardless of what you have heard or read, people worked very hard (meaning my former friends) to do everything they could so that I could not be here today. I am as hurt and disappointed as you that unlike Oasis, we could not find a way to all get along.”[citation needed]
They played a further two shows in Las Vegas at the end of 2001. In 2002, rhythm guitarist Paul Tobias left the band because of his frustrations with life on the road and was replaced by Richard Fortus (formerly of The Psychedelic Furs and Love Spit Love). The band then played several shows in August 2002, headlining festivals and concerts throughout Asia and Europe. They made their way to New York for a surprise appearance at the MTV Video Music Awards in September.
In 2002, the band's first North American tour since 1993 was organized to support Chinese Democracy, with CKY and Mix Master Mike supporting. However, the opening show in Vancouver was canceled by the venue when Rose failed to turn up (having remained in Los Angeles), and a riot ensued. This tour was met with mixed results. Some concerts did not sell well, while shows in larger markets such as New York sold out in minutes. Due to a second riot by fans in Philadelphia when the band failed to show up again, tour promoter Clear Channel canceled the remainder of the tour.
The band went on hiatus until they were scheduled to play at Rock in Rio IV in May 2004. However, Buckethead left the band in March of that year, causing the band to cancel. That same month, Geffen released Guns N' Roses' Greatest Hits, since Rose had failed to deliver a new studio album in more than ten years. Rose expressed his displeasure with this album as its track listing was established without his consent and went as far as trying to block its release by suing Geffen. This failed, however, and the album went triple platinum in the US.
In February 2006, demos of the songs "Better", "Catcher in the Rye", "I.R.S.", and "There Was a Time" were leaked on to the Internet through a Guns N' Roses fan site. The band's management requested that all links to the MP3 files and all lyrics to the songs be removed from forums and websites. Despite this, radio stations began adding "I.R.S." to playlists, and the song actually reached #49 on the Radio & Records Active Rock National Airplay chart in the final week of February – the first time an Internet leak has done so.
Izzy Stradlin on stage with Guns N' Roses in 2006.
On May 5, 2006, Axl Rose appeared on the Friday Night Rocks with Eddie Trunk radio show (during an interview with Sebastian Bach) and said that the new Guns N' Roses album would be released before the end of the year. Later in May, the band launched a European tour, headlining both the Download Festival and Rock In Rio - Lisbon. Four warm-up shows preceded the tour at Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City and became the band's first live concert dates since the aborted 2002 tour. The shows also marked the debut of guitarist and composer Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal, replacing Buckethead. During the tour, former band-mate Izzy Stradlin and ex-Skid Row frontman Sebastian Bach made frequent guest appearances.
Five warm-up shows before a 2006 North American tour were held in September 2006. The tour officially commenced on October 24 in Miami. Drummer Frank Ferrer replaced Bryan Mantia, who took a leave of absence to be with his wife and newborn child. Coinciding with the tour, the song "Better" was featured in an internet advertisement for Harley-Davidson beginning in October 2006.[37] That same month, Rolling Stone published an article revealing that Andy Wallace would be mixing the final album.
In December 2006, Axl Rose released an open letter to fans announcing that Merck Mercuriadis had been fired as the band's manager. He revealed that the last four dates of the North American tour would be cut so the band could work on post-production for Chinese Democracy. He also set a tentative release date for the album for the first time since the album's announcement: March 6, 2007.
On February 8, 2007, the band played a two-song set at the Rodeo Drive's Walk of Style ceremony, held in Beverly Hills, California. The band, with Chris Pitman on bass, blazed through "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" and "Sweet Child o' Mine" to close the event, which honored Gianni and Donatella Versace.
On February 23, 2007, Del James announced that Chinese Democracy's recording stage was finished, and the band had now moved onto mixing the album. However, this proved that the March 6 release date would be impossible to achieve, and the album once again had no scheduled release date.[38]
On May 4, 2007 three more tracks leaked from Chinese Democracy; an updated version of "I.R.S.", "The Blues" and the title track. All three tracks had previously been played live. Guns N' Roses embarked on the 2007 leg of the Chinese Democracy World Tour in Mexico in June, followed by dates in Australia and Japan. The songs "Nice Boys" and a "Don't Cry" Bumblefoot solo rendition were played for the first time since the Use Your Illusion Tour. The tour ended on the twentieth anniversary of Appetite for Destruction's release date, in Osaka. During this tour, the band featured Axl Rose, Robin Finck, Ron Thal and Richard Fortus on guitars, Tommy Stinson on bass, Dizzy Reed and Chris Pitman on keyboards and Frank Ferrer on drums.
Rose appeared as a guest performer on three of the tracks on Sebastian Bach's album, Angel Down, which was released on November 20, 2007.[39]
On March 26, 2008, Dr Pepper announced a plan to give everyone in America – except the band's former guitarists Slash and Buckethead – a free can of Dr Pepper if the band released Chinese Democracy before the end of 2008. Rose added, "As some of Buckethead's performances are on our album, I'll share my Dr Pepper with him."[40][41] With the announcement from Guns N' Roses regarding a release date in November, Tony Jacobs, Dr Pepper's Vice President of Marketing for Dr. Pepper, announced a free soda coupon campaign for 24 hours on Sunday, November 23, 2008. Due to "heavy volume" on the server throughout the entire day it was impossible to submit for your free coupon.[42]
"Chinese Democracy"
Sample of "Chinese Democracy" from Chinese Democracy. "Chinese Democracy" was the first single released by Guns N' Roses since 1999.
Problems listening to this file? See media help.
The next day, on March 27, 2008, the band announced that they had hired a new management team, headed by Irving Azoff and Andy Gould.[43]
On April 5, 2008, a picture of Robin Finck appeared on Nine Inch Nails' web page,[44] under the title "Welcome Back!" starting the rumor of his possible reunion with Trent Reznor. Later, on April 11, 2008, Robin Finck publicly expressed his happiness on playing again with NIN.[45] On April 20, Axl Rose voiced his surprise about Robin Finck's latest news on the Guns N' Roses official website, but made assurance that the band was working with its management on the release of Chinese Democracy and thanked the fans for the continuous shows of support.[46]
Nine tracks purported to be from Chinese Democracy were leaked to an online site on June 19, 2008 and quickly removed due to a cease-and-desist letter from the band's label. Six of the leaked tracks had surfaced previously in some form, while three were new. The leaked songs were fleshed out more than previously heard tracks.[47][48] On July 14, 2008, Harmonix, in conjunction with MTV Games, officially announced the release of a new song from the upcoming Chinese Democracy album, called "Shackler's Revenge", through their new game Rock Band 2. Also the song "Chinese Democracy" is being played on the bands website.
In late August, speculation about the impending release of the album resurfaced, further fueled by separate reports from both Rolling Stone[49] and Billboard[50] about a November 25 release date as a Best Buy exclusive. This was finally confirmed October 22 when band management, Best Buy, and Interscope Geffen A&M Records officially issued a joint press release confirming the much anticipated release of the album in the US on November 23 as a Best Buy exclusive. Ten days before the official release of the Chinese Democracy album, on November 13, 2008, the "Chinese Democracy" single topped the general iTunes Music Store chart in Greece, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Finland. In addition to being the No. 1 song and No. 1 rock song in these countries, it became the No. 1 rock song on iTunes in the US, Canada, France and the UK.[51]
Chinese Democracy was released on November 22, 2008 in Europe and Australia, in North America on November 23, 2008 and in the United Kingdom on November 24, 2008,[49] becoming the band's sixth studio album and their first since 1993's "The Spaghetti Incident?".
On November 23, 1993, Guns N' Roses released a collection of punk and glam rock covers entitled "The Spaghetti Incident?". Despite protests from Rose's band-mates, an unadvertised cover of the Charles Manson song "Look at Your Game Girl" was included on the album at his request. Years later, Rose said he would remove the song from new pressings of the album, claiming that critics and the media had misinterpreted his interest in Manson. Axl can be seen wearing a black Manson shirt in the video for "Estranged" from Use Your Illusion II. He also can be seen wearing a red Manson shirt in footage from their show in Milton Keynes, England, in 1993, with the additional text on the back, "Charlie Don't Surf". "Look at Your Game Girl" has not been removed and is still featured on pressings of the album. Despite initial success, "The Spaghetti Incident?" did not match the sales of the Illusion albums and its release consequently led to increased tension within the band.
Hiatus (1994–1998)
Interviews with Guns N' Roses band members suggest that between 1994 and 1996, the band sporadically began to write and record new material, most of which, according to Slash, had been written by Rose.[31] Rose has stated the exact opposite in the open letter on the official Guns N' Roses website, that the album was mostly a "Slash album" and Rose was allowed very little input into the album.[32] At the time, the band had intended to release a single album with 10 or 12 songs.[33]
Regarding the dysfunction of the band's recording at that time, Rose is quoted as saying, "We still needed the collaboration of the band as a whole to write the best songs. Since none of that happened, that's the reason why that material got scrapped."[34]
In December 1994, Guns N' Roses released a cover recording of the Rolling Stones' "Sympathy for the Devil". The song appeared in the film Interview with the Vampire, on the movie's soundtrack and was also released separately as a single. It is the final Guns N' Roses single to feature Slash on lead guitar, Duff McKagan on bass, and Matt Sorum on the drums. It also featured Paul Huge on rhythm guitar, whose presence on the track and in the band created great tension between Rose and Slash, as Slash disliked Huge and felt he had no place nor the 'chops' to fit in G N' R.
The recording of "Sympathy for the Devil", as well as tension between him and Rose, led Slash to quit the band officially in October 1996. He was replaced by Nine Inch Nails touring guitarist Robin Finck in January 1997, who signed a two year contract with the band in August 1997 making him an official member. Slash's departure was followed shortly thereafter by Matt Sorum, who was fired in April 1997 and then by bassist Duff McKagan, who resigned from the band in August 1997. As such, all of the members who had taken part in the recording of Appetite for Destruction (aside from Rose) had departed from the band. Multiple views have been presented on the departures by various band members (current and former). 1994 was the last year Rose held a press conference or performed until 2001 with his new cast. Rose's only performance in 1994 was a duet with Bruce Springsteen on a cover of The Beatles song "Come Together". An actual break-up of Guns N' Roses never occurred, as new players were brought in as the old ones left. (For more information on the personnel changes over the years see the article: "List of Guns N' Roses band members")
McKagan was the last of the Appetite lineup to leave, resigning as bassist in August 1997, being replaced later that year by Tommy Stinson (formerly of The Replacements.) Sorum was replaced by Chris Vrenna for a short time in April to May 1997, followed briefly by Pod, and finally by Josh Freese in the summer of 1997. By the end of 1998, a new version of Guns N' Roses had emerged: many musicians have come and gone from the new band, but the core group has included Rose, Stinson, keyboardist Dizzy Reed and multi-instrumentalist Chris Pitman.
Chinese Democracy (1999–2008)
In 1999, the band released a new song, "Oh My God", which was included on the soundtrack of the film End of Days. The track featured additional guitar work by Dave Navarro and Gary Sunshine, Rose's personal guitar teacher. The song's release was intended to be a prelude to their new album, entitled Chinese Democracy.
The "New" Guns N' Roses, Chinese Democracy (2001-2008)
With nine years having passed since the last Guns N' Roses concert, the band made a public appearance in January 2001, with two well-received concerts, one in Las Vegas and one at the Rock in Rio Festival in Rio de Janeiro. The band played a mixture of songs from previous albums as well as songs from then-unreleased Chinese Democracy. During their Rock in Rio set, Rose made the following comment regarding former members of the band: “I know that many of you are disappointed that some of the people you came to know and love could not be with us here today. Regardless of what you have heard or read, people worked very hard (meaning my former friends) to do everything they could so that I could not be here today. I am as hurt and disappointed as you that unlike Oasis, we could not find a way to all get along.”[citation needed]
They played a further two shows in Las Vegas at the end of 2001. In 2002, rhythm guitarist Paul Tobias left the band because of his frustrations with life on the road and was replaced by Richard Fortus (formerly of The Psychedelic Furs and Love Spit Love). The band then played several shows in August 2002, headlining festivals and concerts throughout Asia and Europe. They made their way to New York for a surprise appearance at the MTV Video Music Awards in September.
In 2002, the band's first North American tour since 1993 was organized to support Chinese Democracy, with CKY and Mix Master Mike supporting. However, the opening show in Vancouver was canceled by the venue when Rose failed to turn up (having remained in Los Angeles), and a riot ensued. This tour was met with mixed results. Some concerts did not sell well, while shows in larger markets such as New York sold out in minutes. Due to a second riot by fans in Philadelphia when the band failed to show up again, tour promoter Clear Channel canceled the remainder of the tour.
The band went on hiatus until they were scheduled to play at Rock in Rio IV in May 2004. However, Buckethead left the band in March of that year, causing the band to cancel. That same month, Geffen released Guns N' Roses' Greatest Hits, since Rose had failed to deliver a new studio album in more than ten years. Rose expressed his displeasure with this album as its track listing was established without his consent and went as far as trying to block its release by suing Geffen. This failed, however, and the album went triple platinum in the US.
In February 2006, demos of the songs "Better", "Catcher in the Rye", "I.R.S.", and "There Was a Time" were leaked on to the Internet through a Guns N' Roses fan site. The band's management requested that all links to the MP3 files and all lyrics to the songs be removed from forums and websites. Despite this, radio stations began adding "I.R.S." to playlists, and the song actually reached #49 on the Radio & Records Active Rock National Airplay chart in the final week of February – the first time an Internet leak has done so.
Izzy Stradlin on stage with Guns N' Roses in 2006.
On May 5, 2006, Axl Rose appeared on the Friday Night Rocks with Eddie Trunk radio show (during an interview with Sebastian Bach) and said that the new Guns N' Roses album would be released before the end of the year. Later in May, the band launched a European tour, headlining both the Download Festival and Rock In Rio - Lisbon. Four warm-up shows preceded the tour at Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City and became the band's first live concert dates since the aborted 2002 tour. The shows also marked the debut of guitarist and composer Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal, replacing Buckethead. During the tour, former band-mate Izzy Stradlin and ex-Skid Row frontman Sebastian Bach made frequent guest appearances.
Five warm-up shows before a 2006 North American tour were held in September 2006. The tour officially commenced on October 24 in Miami. Drummer Frank Ferrer replaced Bryan Mantia, who took a leave of absence to be with his wife and newborn child. Coinciding with the tour, the song "Better" was featured in an internet advertisement for Harley-Davidson beginning in October 2006.[37] That same month, Rolling Stone published an article revealing that Andy Wallace would be mixing the final album.
In December 2006, Axl Rose released an open letter to fans announcing that Merck Mercuriadis had been fired as the band's manager. He revealed that the last four dates of the North American tour would be cut so the band could work on post-production for Chinese Democracy. He also set a tentative release date for the album for the first time since the album's announcement: March 6, 2007.
On February 8, 2007, the band played a two-song set at the Rodeo Drive's Walk of Style ceremony, held in Beverly Hills, California. The band, with Chris Pitman on bass, blazed through "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" and "Sweet Child o' Mine" to close the event, which honored Gianni and Donatella Versace.
On February 23, 2007, Del James announced that Chinese Democracy's recording stage was finished, and the band had now moved onto mixing the album. However, this proved that the March 6 release date would be impossible to achieve, and the album once again had no scheduled release date.[38]
On May 4, 2007 three more tracks leaked from Chinese Democracy; an updated version of "I.R.S.", "The Blues" and the title track. All three tracks had previously been played live. Guns N' Roses embarked on the 2007 leg of the Chinese Democracy World Tour in Mexico in June, followed by dates in Australia and Japan. The songs "Nice Boys" and a "Don't Cry" Bumblefoot solo rendition were played for the first time since the Use Your Illusion Tour. The tour ended on the twentieth anniversary of Appetite for Destruction's release date, in Osaka. During this tour, the band featured Axl Rose, Robin Finck, Ron Thal and Richard Fortus on guitars, Tommy Stinson on bass, Dizzy Reed and Chris Pitman on keyboards and Frank Ferrer on drums.
Rose appeared as a guest performer on three of the tracks on Sebastian Bach's album, Angel Down, which was released on November 20, 2007.[39]
On March 26, 2008, Dr Pepper announced a plan to give everyone in America – except the band's former guitarists Slash and Buckethead – a free can of Dr Pepper if the band released Chinese Democracy before the end of 2008. Rose added, "As some of Buckethead's performances are on our album, I'll share my Dr Pepper with him."[40][41] With the announcement from Guns N' Roses regarding a release date in November, Tony Jacobs, Dr Pepper's Vice President of Marketing for Dr. Pepper, announced a free soda coupon campaign for 24 hours on Sunday, November 23, 2008. Due to "heavy volume" on the server throughout the entire day it was impossible to submit for your free coupon.[42]
"Chinese Democracy"
Sample of "Chinese Democracy" from Chinese Democracy. "Chinese Democracy" was the first single released by Guns N' Roses since 1999.
Problems listening to this file? See media help.
The next day, on March 27, 2008, the band announced that they had hired a new management team, headed by Irving Azoff and Andy Gould.[43]
On April 5, 2008, a picture of Robin Finck appeared on Nine Inch Nails' web page,[44] under the title "Welcome Back!" starting the rumor of his possible reunion with Trent Reznor. Later, on April 11, 2008, Robin Finck publicly expressed his happiness on playing again with NIN.[45] On April 20, Axl Rose voiced his surprise about Robin Finck's latest news on the Guns N' Roses official website, but made assurance that the band was working with its management on the release of Chinese Democracy and thanked the fans for the continuous shows of support.[46]
Nine tracks purported to be from Chinese Democracy were leaked to an online site on June 19, 2008 and quickly removed due to a cease-and-desist letter from the band's label. Six of the leaked tracks had surfaced previously in some form, while three were new. The leaked songs were fleshed out more than previously heard tracks.[47][48] On July 14, 2008, Harmonix, in conjunction with MTV Games, officially announced the release of a new song from the upcoming Chinese Democracy album, called "Shackler's Revenge", through their new game Rock Band 2. Also the song "Chinese Democracy" is being played on the bands website.
In late August, speculation about the impending release of the album resurfaced, further fueled by separate reports from both Rolling Stone[49] and Billboard[50] about a November 25 release date as a Best Buy exclusive. This was finally confirmed October 22 when band management, Best Buy, and Interscope Geffen A&M Records officially issued a joint press release confirming the much anticipated release of the album in the US on November 23 as a Best Buy exclusive. Ten days before the official release of the Chinese Democracy album, on November 13, 2008, the "Chinese Democracy" single topped the general iTunes Music Store chart in Greece, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Finland. In addition to being the No. 1 song and No. 1 rock song in these countries, it became the No. 1 rock song on iTunes in the US, Canada, France and the UK.[51]
Chinese Democracy was released on November 22, 2008 in Europe and Australia, in North America on November 23, 2008 and in the United Kingdom on November 24, 2008,[49] becoming the band's sixth studio album and their first since 1993's "The Spaghetti Incident?".
history
Formation (1984–1986)
The group was formed in early 1984-85 by Hollywood Rose members Axl Rose (vocals) Izzy Stradlin (rhythm guitar), L.A. Guns members Tracii Guns (lead guitar), Ole Beich (bass) and Rob Gardner (drums).[10] The new band created its name by combining two of the group members' names. After only a short time (several reports indicate only 2 or 3 gigs were played with Guns, Beich & Gardner), bassist Ole Beich was replaced by Duff McKagan while Tracii Guns' lack of attendance at rehearsals led to his replacement by Slash.
Slash had played with McKagan in Road Crew and with Stradlin during a short stint in Hollywood Rose. The new line-up came together quickly, but shortly before embarking on a short, rather disorganized tour from Sacramento, California, to Duff's home town of Seattle, Washington, drummer Rob Gardner quit and was replaced by Slash's close friend Steven Adler.[11] The band, which continued to be called Guns N' Roses even after the departure of Tracii Guns, established its first stable line up on the so-called "Hell Tour". In an interview, Slash stated, "That [trip to Seattle] is really what cemented the band" and established its chemistry.[
Live ?!*@ Like a Suicide
Geffen Records released an EP in late 1986 to keep the interest in the band alive while the band withdrew from the club scene to work in the studio. The four song EP Live ?!*@ Like a Suicide came out on the ostensibly independent "Uzi Suicide Records" label (which was actually a Geffen subsidiary). Only 10,000 vinyl copies of the EP were produced. On Halloween night in 1986 Guns N' Roses performed at UCLA's Ackerman Ballroom as the opening act to Thelonious Monster, The Dickies, and the headlining Red Hot Chili Peppers.
The record was billed as a live recording, although Rose would reveal years later, that it was simulated. The EP consisted of four songs from the band's demo tapes with overdubbed crowd noise. It contained covers of Rose Tattoo's "Nice Boys" and Aerosmith's "Mama Kin", along with two original compositions: the punk anthem "Reckless Life" and the classic rock inspired "Move to the City", both of which were co-written by Hollywood Rose's founding member Chris Weber.[citation needed]
The original vinyl Live ?!*@ Like a Suicide EP has become a valuable and sought after collector's item, even though the tracks were re-issued two years later on the G N' R Lies album.
Appetite for Destruction, G N' R Lies (1987–1989)
Main articles: Appetite for Destruction and G N' R Lies
The band's first album, Appetite for Destruction was released on July 21, 1987. The album underwent an artwork change after the original Robert Williams cover design (a surrealist scene in which a dagger-toothed monster vengefully attacks a robot rapist) spawned the album.[13] The revised cover was a design by Bill White, a tattoo artist, who had originally designed the artwork for a tattoo Rose had acquired the previous year. The artwork featured each of the five band members' skulls layered on a cross. Rose later insisted that the Gold and Platinum plaques issued by the RIAA be set using the original cover art, which can be found in the booklet of the CD release. In the US, "Welcome to the Jungle" was issued as its first single, with an accompanying music video. Initially, the album and single lingered for almost a year without performing well, but when Geffen Records founder David Geffen was asked to lend support to the band, he obliged by personally convincing MTV executives to play "Welcome to the Jungle" during their afterhours rotation. Even though the video was initially only played one time at 4 a.m. on a Sunday, heavy metal and hard rock fans took notice and soon began requesting the video and song en masse.[14] In Japan, an entire EP entitled Live from the Jungle was issued, containing the album version of "Sweet Child o' Mine" along with a selection of numerous Marquee Club recordings.
"Welcome to the Jungle" was also featured in the 1988 Clint Eastwood movie The Dead Pool and members of the band had a cameo appearance in the film.
"Sweet Child O' Mine" was the album's second US single co-written by Axl Rose as a poem for his girlfriend, Erin Everly. Due to the growing grassroots success of the band and the cross-gender appeal of the tune, the song and its accompanying music video received heavy airplay on both radio and MTV, becoming a smash hit during the summer of 1988 and reaching the top of the charts in the US. Slash stated on VH1's 100 Greatest songs of the 80s, "It was actually my least favorite song we ever wrote...I hate it, but it turns out to be our greatest song ever". "Welcome to the Jungle" was then re-issued as a single, with new pressings of records and tapes and new artwork. It was a successful re-release, as the single reached No. 7 in the US. The UK re-release was backed with an acoustic version of "You're Crazy", recorded much earlier than the one featured on the G N' R Lies album.
By the time "Paradise City" and its video reached the airwaves and peaked at No. 5 in the US, the band's touring success and fame had catapulted the album to No. 1 on the Billboard charts. "Welcome to the Jungle", "Sweet Child o' Mine" and "Paradise City" were all top ten singles in the US. To date, Appetite for Destruction has sold over 28 million copies worldwide.[15] It has been certified as 18X Platinum in the U.S.[16]
Guns N' Roses began opening shows for major acts, but as their fame began to take hold, a world tour in support of Appetite for Destruction was scheduled. The band traveled across the United States, and in spring 1988 were invited to the notorious Monsters of Rock Festival at Castle Donington in Leicestershire, England, where they shared the bill with groups like that country's own Iron Maiden and their own U.S.-based Kiss. At the start of the Guns N' Roses set, the capacity crowd of over 100,000 began jumping and surging forward. Despite Rose's requests that the crowd move away from the stage, two fans were trampled to death. The media largely blamed the band for the tragedy, and reported that the band had continued playing even when there were dangerous crowd conditions. In fact, the final report on the Donington incident filed by the head of security at the venue noted that the band had not been aware of the extent of fan injuries, had immediately halted their set when requested to do so, and had attempted to calm the crowd.[17] Nonetheless, events such as these during the Appetite for Destruction tour earned the group the title of "the world's most dangerous band". In addition, the behavior of the band members also garnered negative attention from the media. McKagan, Slash, Stradlin and Adler were often seen intoxicated both on and off stage.[18] In 1988, MTV aired a concert filmed at the Ritz (on 2 February 1988) in New York. It is probably the only professional recording of the original lineup. The concert is available on various bootlegs and it can be viewed on youtube, but was never officially released.[19]
The band's next release was G N' R Lies in 1988, which reached No. 2 on the Billboard music charts. The album included the four Live ?!*@ Like a Suicide recordings on one side and four acoustic songs on the other. The song "One in a Million", which included the words "niggers" and "faggots" led to controversy in which critics accused the band, and specifically Axl Rose, of racism and homophobia.[20] Rose responded (in a 1990 interview with MTV) by saying the claims were unfounded, particularly considering Slash himself is half black. He went on to explain that the words were those of a protagonist and not a personal statement, and that the lyrics reflected racial and prejudicial problems within society rather than promoting them. Rose also cited that he idolized gay/bisexual singers like Freddie Mercury and Elton John. The band had played gigs alongside the all-black metal band Body Count, and lead singer Ice T wrote in his book, The Ice Opinion, that Axl had been "a victim of the press the same way I am".[21]
Even after the release of G N' R Lies, Appetite for Destruction continued to be popular for the rest of 1988 and 1989, which resulted in them winning both Favorite Heavy Metal Artist and Favorite Heavy Metal Album (Appetite for Destruction) at the nationally televised 1990 American Music Awards, where Slash and McKagan appeared visibly intoxicated and used profanities on the air. The members finally took steps to deal with their addictions after Rose threatened to end the band if they continued with their heavy drug abuse. He even spoke publicly about the situation, specifically the heroin addictions, while opening for The Rolling Stones at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in 1989 by stating that if certain members of the band do not stop "dancing with Mr. Brownstone", Guns N' Roses was finished - mainly referring to Slash and Adler.
Fame and fortune (1990–1993)
In 1990, Guns N' Roses returned to the studio to begin recording their most ambitious undertaking yet. During the recording session of "Civil War", drummer Steven Adler was unable to perform well due to his struggles with cocaine and heroin addiction – his difficulties in the studio caused the band to do nearly 30 takes.[23] As a result, Adler was fired in July 1990 and was replaced by drummer Matt Sorum, who had played briefly with Cult, and whom Axl credited for saving the band. A few months prior, keyboardist Dizzy Reed became the sixth member of the group when he joined as a full time member. The band fired their manager, Alan Niven, replacing him with Doug Goldstein in May 1991. According to a 1991 cover story by Rolling Stone magazine, Rose forced the dismissal of Niven (against the wishes of some of his band-mates) by refusing to complete the albums until he was replaced.[24]
With enough music for two albums, the band released Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II on September 17, 1991. The tactic paid off when the albums debuted at No. 2 and No. 1 respectively in the Billboard charts, setting a record as they became the first and only group to achieve this feat until Hip-Hop artist Nelly accomplished the same with his simultaneously-released albums Sweat and Suit, which broke the long-standing sales records set by Use Your Illusion I and II. The albums spent 108 weeks in the chart.
Guns N' Roses accompanied the Use Your Illusion albums with many videos, including "Don't Cry", "November Rain" and "Estranged" – some of the most expensive music videos ever made. The hit ballad "November Rain" (No. 3 US) became the most requested video on MTV, eventually winning the 1992 MTV Video Music Award for best cinematography. It is also the longest song in chart history to reach the Top Ten, clocking in at 8:56. During the awards show, the band performed the song with Elton John accompanying on piano.
Both prior to and after the release of the albums, Guns N' Roses embarked on the 28-month-long Use Your Illusion World Tour. It became famous for both its financial success and the many controversial incidents that occurred at the shows, and is still currently the longest tour in rock history.[citation needed]
Use Your Illusion World Tour
The Use Your Illusion World Tour program included a guitar solo from Slash based on The Godfather theme, a piano-driven cover of "It's Alright" by Black Sabbath and an extended jam on the classic rock-inspired "Move to the City" where they showcased the ensemble of musicians assembled for the tour.[25]
Many of the successful performances during the tour were equally matched, and often overshadowed, in the press by riots, late starts and outspoken rants by Rose. While the band's previous drug and alcohol issues were seemingly under control, Axl was often agitated by lax security, sound problems and unwanted filming or recording of the performances. He also used the time in-between songs to fire off political statements or retorts against music critics or celebrity rivals.
Main article: Riverport Riot
On July 2, 1991, at the Riverport Amphitheater in Maryland Heights, Missouri, just outside of St. Louis, during a performance of "Rocket Queen", Rose noticed that a fan was filming the show with a camera. He asked the venue's security to take away the camera, and after a few seconds decided to take it himself, jumping into the audience and tackling the fan. He had a heated confrontation with the fan before physically assaulting him. After being pulled out of the audience by members of the crew, Rose said, "Well, thanks to the lame-ass security, I'm going home!", threw his microphone to the ground and stormed off stage. The angry crowd began to riot and dozens of people were injured. Footage was captured by Robert John, who was documenting the entire tour. Rose was wanted by the police for inciting the riot, but police were unable to arrest him until almost a year later, as the band went overseas to continue the tour. Charges were filed against Rose, but a judge ruled that he did not directly incite the riot. In his defense, Rose stated that the Guns N' Roses security team had made four separate requests to the venue's security staff to remove the camera, all of which were ignored, and that other members of the band had reported being hit by bottles launched from the audience, while the security staff was refusing to enforce a drinking limit.[26] Consequently, Use Your Illusion's artwork featured a hidden message amidst the Thank You section of the liner notes: "Fuck You, St. Louis!"
After a repeat of the St. Louis incident nearly unfolded during a concert in Germany,[27] rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin abruptly quit the band. He cited a combination of Rose's personal behavior (Rose frequently delayed the start of shows by hours at a time) and his mismanagement of the band[27] and difficulties being around Slash, Sorum, and McKagan due to his new-found sobriety and their continuing alcohol and substance addictions.[28] Axl Rose originally wanted Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro to replace Stradlin, but Stradlin was eventually replaced by Los Angeles-based guitarist Gilby Clarke whom Slash credited for saving the band. During many shows throughout the tour, Rose introduced Clarke to the audience and Slash and Clarke would then play "Wild Horses", a Rolling Stones cover. In late 1991, Rose added a touring ensemble to the band which included a horns section and several background vocalists despite the rest of the band's refusal.
In 1992, the band appeared at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert, performing a two-song set. Slash later performed "Tie Your Mother Down" with the remaining members of Queen and Def Leppard vocalist Joe Elliott, while Axl Rose performed "We Will Rock You" and sang a duet with Elton John on "Bohemian Rhapsody". Their personal set included "Paradise City" and "Knockin' on Heaven's Door". When they returned to the US for the second leg of the Use Your Illusion tour, Queen guitarist Brian May opened the shows with a band that included Cozy Powell on drums. Axl had originally wanted the grunge band (and labelmates) Nirvana to open their Use Your Illusion tour but frontman Kurt Cobain refused. Cobain also made some negative comments[citation needed] about Guns N' Roses which infuriated Rose and started of one of his biggest feuds, other than the ones with his band-mates.
Later in the year they went on the GNR-Metallica Stadium Tour with American Metal band Metallica. During a show in August 1992 at Montreal's Olympic Stadium, Metallica frontman James Hetfield suffered severe burns after stepping too close to a pyrotechnics blast. Metallica was forced to cancel the second hour of the show, but promised to return to the city for another performance. After a long delay, during which the audience became increasingly restless, Guns N' Roses took the stage. However, the shortened time between sets did not allow for adequate tuning of stage monitors, resulting in members of G n' R not being able to hear themselves. In addition, Rose claimed that his throat hurt,[29] causing the band to leave the stage early. The cancellation led to another riot by audience members, reminiscent of the St. Louis riot, that had occurred one year earlier. Rioters overturned cars, smashed windows, looted local stores and set fires. Local authorities were barely able to bring the mob under control. This can be seen on video in A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica. On MTV's Rockumentary about Metallica, the band spoke about this tour and how they learned from Guns N' Roses what not to do.
The historic tour ended in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on July 17, 1993. The tour set attendance records and lasted for 28 months, in which 194 shows were played. The show in Buenos Aires marked the last time original members Slash and McKagan as well as newcomers Clarke and Sorum would play a live show with Rose. At the tour's conclusion, Axl Rose would fire Gilby Clarke without consulting anyone claiming he was only a "hired hand".
The group was formed in early 1984-85 by Hollywood Rose members Axl Rose (vocals) Izzy Stradlin (rhythm guitar), L.A. Guns members Tracii Guns (lead guitar), Ole Beich (bass) and Rob Gardner (drums).[10] The new band created its name by combining two of the group members' names. After only a short time (several reports indicate only 2 or 3 gigs were played with Guns, Beich & Gardner), bassist Ole Beich was replaced by Duff McKagan while Tracii Guns' lack of attendance at rehearsals led to his replacement by Slash.
Slash had played with McKagan in Road Crew and with Stradlin during a short stint in Hollywood Rose. The new line-up came together quickly, but shortly before embarking on a short, rather disorganized tour from Sacramento, California, to Duff's home town of Seattle, Washington, drummer Rob Gardner quit and was replaced by Slash's close friend Steven Adler.[11] The band, which continued to be called Guns N' Roses even after the departure of Tracii Guns, established its first stable line up on the so-called "Hell Tour". In an interview, Slash stated, "That [trip to Seattle] is really what cemented the band" and established its chemistry.[
Live ?!*@ Like a Suicide
Geffen Records released an EP in late 1986 to keep the interest in the band alive while the band withdrew from the club scene to work in the studio. The four song EP Live ?!*@ Like a Suicide came out on the ostensibly independent "Uzi Suicide Records" label (which was actually a Geffen subsidiary). Only 10,000 vinyl copies of the EP were produced. On Halloween night in 1986 Guns N' Roses performed at UCLA's Ackerman Ballroom as the opening act to Thelonious Monster, The Dickies, and the headlining Red Hot Chili Peppers.
The record was billed as a live recording, although Rose would reveal years later, that it was simulated. The EP consisted of four songs from the band's demo tapes with overdubbed crowd noise. It contained covers of Rose Tattoo's "Nice Boys" and Aerosmith's "Mama Kin", along with two original compositions: the punk anthem "Reckless Life" and the classic rock inspired "Move to the City", both of which were co-written by Hollywood Rose's founding member Chris Weber.[citation needed]
The original vinyl Live ?!*@ Like a Suicide EP has become a valuable and sought after collector's item, even though the tracks were re-issued two years later on the G N' R Lies album.
Appetite for Destruction, G N' R Lies (1987–1989)
Main articles: Appetite for Destruction and G N' R Lies
The band's first album, Appetite for Destruction was released on July 21, 1987. The album underwent an artwork change after the original Robert Williams cover design (a surrealist scene in which a dagger-toothed monster vengefully attacks a robot rapist) spawned the album.[13] The revised cover was a design by Bill White, a tattoo artist, who had originally designed the artwork for a tattoo Rose had acquired the previous year. The artwork featured each of the five band members' skulls layered on a cross. Rose later insisted that the Gold and Platinum plaques issued by the RIAA be set using the original cover art, which can be found in the booklet of the CD release. In the US, "Welcome to the Jungle" was issued as its first single, with an accompanying music video. Initially, the album and single lingered for almost a year without performing well, but when Geffen Records founder David Geffen was asked to lend support to the band, he obliged by personally convincing MTV executives to play "Welcome to the Jungle" during their afterhours rotation. Even though the video was initially only played one time at 4 a.m. on a Sunday, heavy metal and hard rock fans took notice and soon began requesting the video and song en masse.[14] In Japan, an entire EP entitled Live from the Jungle was issued, containing the album version of "Sweet Child o' Mine" along with a selection of numerous Marquee Club recordings.
"Welcome to the Jungle" was also featured in the 1988 Clint Eastwood movie The Dead Pool and members of the band had a cameo appearance in the film.
"Sweet Child O' Mine" was the album's second US single co-written by Axl Rose as a poem for his girlfriend, Erin Everly. Due to the growing grassroots success of the band and the cross-gender appeal of the tune, the song and its accompanying music video received heavy airplay on both radio and MTV, becoming a smash hit during the summer of 1988 and reaching the top of the charts in the US. Slash stated on VH1's 100 Greatest songs of the 80s, "It was actually my least favorite song we ever wrote...I hate it, but it turns out to be our greatest song ever". "Welcome to the Jungle" was then re-issued as a single, with new pressings of records and tapes and new artwork. It was a successful re-release, as the single reached No. 7 in the US. The UK re-release was backed with an acoustic version of "You're Crazy", recorded much earlier than the one featured on the G N' R Lies album.
By the time "Paradise City" and its video reached the airwaves and peaked at No. 5 in the US, the band's touring success and fame had catapulted the album to No. 1 on the Billboard charts. "Welcome to the Jungle", "Sweet Child o' Mine" and "Paradise City" were all top ten singles in the US. To date, Appetite for Destruction has sold over 28 million copies worldwide.[15] It has been certified as 18X Platinum in the U.S.[16]
Guns N' Roses began opening shows for major acts, but as their fame began to take hold, a world tour in support of Appetite for Destruction was scheduled. The band traveled across the United States, and in spring 1988 were invited to the notorious Monsters of Rock Festival at Castle Donington in Leicestershire, England, where they shared the bill with groups like that country's own Iron Maiden and their own U.S.-based Kiss. At the start of the Guns N' Roses set, the capacity crowd of over 100,000 began jumping and surging forward. Despite Rose's requests that the crowd move away from the stage, two fans were trampled to death. The media largely blamed the band for the tragedy, and reported that the band had continued playing even when there were dangerous crowd conditions. In fact, the final report on the Donington incident filed by the head of security at the venue noted that the band had not been aware of the extent of fan injuries, had immediately halted their set when requested to do so, and had attempted to calm the crowd.[17] Nonetheless, events such as these during the Appetite for Destruction tour earned the group the title of "the world's most dangerous band". In addition, the behavior of the band members also garnered negative attention from the media. McKagan, Slash, Stradlin and Adler were often seen intoxicated both on and off stage.[18] In 1988, MTV aired a concert filmed at the Ritz (on 2 February 1988) in New York. It is probably the only professional recording of the original lineup. The concert is available on various bootlegs and it can be viewed on youtube, but was never officially released.[19]
The band's next release was G N' R Lies in 1988, which reached No. 2 on the Billboard music charts. The album included the four Live ?!*@ Like a Suicide recordings on one side and four acoustic songs on the other. The song "One in a Million", which included the words "niggers" and "faggots" led to controversy in which critics accused the band, and specifically Axl Rose, of racism and homophobia.[20] Rose responded (in a 1990 interview with MTV) by saying the claims were unfounded, particularly considering Slash himself is half black. He went on to explain that the words were those of a protagonist and not a personal statement, and that the lyrics reflected racial and prejudicial problems within society rather than promoting them. Rose also cited that he idolized gay/bisexual singers like Freddie Mercury and Elton John. The band had played gigs alongside the all-black metal band Body Count, and lead singer Ice T wrote in his book, The Ice Opinion, that Axl had been "a victim of the press the same way I am".[21]
Even after the release of G N' R Lies, Appetite for Destruction continued to be popular for the rest of 1988 and 1989, which resulted in them winning both Favorite Heavy Metal Artist and Favorite Heavy Metal Album (Appetite for Destruction) at the nationally televised 1990 American Music Awards, where Slash and McKagan appeared visibly intoxicated and used profanities on the air. The members finally took steps to deal with their addictions after Rose threatened to end the band if they continued with their heavy drug abuse. He even spoke publicly about the situation, specifically the heroin addictions, while opening for The Rolling Stones at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in 1989 by stating that if certain members of the band do not stop "dancing with Mr. Brownstone", Guns N' Roses was finished - mainly referring to Slash and Adler.
Fame and fortune (1990–1993)
In 1990, Guns N' Roses returned to the studio to begin recording their most ambitious undertaking yet. During the recording session of "Civil War", drummer Steven Adler was unable to perform well due to his struggles with cocaine and heroin addiction – his difficulties in the studio caused the band to do nearly 30 takes.[23] As a result, Adler was fired in July 1990 and was replaced by drummer Matt Sorum, who had played briefly with Cult, and whom Axl credited for saving the band. A few months prior, keyboardist Dizzy Reed became the sixth member of the group when he joined as a full time member. The band fired their manager, Alan Niven, replacing him with Doug Goldstein in May 1991. According to a 1991 cover story by Rolling Stone magazine, Rose forced the dismissal of Niven (against the wishes of some of his band-mates) by refusing to complete the albums until he was replaced.[24]
With enough music for two albums, the band released Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II on September 17, 1991. The tactic paid off when the albums debuted at No. 2 and No. 1 respectively in the Billboard charts, setting a record as they became the first and only group to achieve this feat until Hip-Hop artist Nelly accomplished the same with his simultaneously-released albums Sweat and Suit, which broke the long-standing sales records set by Use Your Illusion I and II. The albums spent 108 weeks in the chart.
Guns N' Roses accompanied the Use Your Illusion albums with many videos, including "Don't Cry", "November Rain" and "Estranged" – some of the most expensive music videos ever made. The hit ballad "November Rain" (No. 3 US) became the most requested video on MTV, eventually winning the 1992 MTV Video Music Award for best cinematography. It is also the longest song in chart history to reach the Top Ten, clocking in at 8:56. During the awards show, the band performed the song with Elton John accompanying on piano.
Both prior to and after the release of the albums, Guns N' Roses embarked on the 28-month-long Use Your Illusion World Tour. It became famous for both its financial success and the many controversial incidents that occurred at the shows, and is still currently the longest tour in rock history.[citation needed]
Use Your Illusion World Tour
The Use Your Illusion World Tour program included a guitar solo from Slash based on The Godfather theme, a piano-driven cover of "It's Alright" by Black Sabbath and an extended jam on the classic rock-inspired "Move to the City" where they showcased the ensemble of musicians assembled for the tour.[25]
Many of the successful performances during the tour were equally matched, and often overshadowed, in the press by riots, late starts and outspoken rants by Rose. While the band's previous drug and alcohol issues were seemingly under control, Axl was often agitated by lax security, sound problems and unwanted filming or recording of the performances. He also used the time in-between songs to fire off political statements or retorts against music critics or celebrity rivals.
Main article: Riverport Riot
On July 2, 1991, at the Riverport Amphitheater in Maryland Heights, Missouri, just outside of St. Louis, during a performance of "Rocket Queen", Rose noticed that a fan was filming the show with a camera. He asked the venue's security to take away the camera, and after a few seconds decided to take it himself, jumping into the audience and tackling the fan. He had a heated confrontation with the fan before physically assaulting him. After being pulled out of the audience by members of the crew, Rose said, "Well, thanks to the lame-ass security, I'm going home!", threw his microphone to the ground and stormed off stage. The angry crowd began to riot and dozens of people were injured. Footage was captured by Robert John, who was documenting the entire tour. Rose was wanted by the police for inciting the riot, but police were unable to arrest him until almost a year later, as the band went overseas to continue the tour. Charges were filed against Rose, but a judge ruled that he did not directly incite the riot. In his defense, Rose stated that the Guns N' Roses security team had made four separate requests to the venue's security staff to remove the camera, all of which were ignored, and that other members of the band had reported being hit by bottles launched from the audience, while the security staff was refusing to enforce a drinking limit.[26] Consequently, Use Your Illusion's artwork featured a hidden message amidst the Thank You section of the liner notes: "Fuck You, St. Louis!"
After a repeat of the St. Louis incident nearly unfolded during a concert in Germany,[27] rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin abruptly quit the band. He cited a combination of Rose's personal behavior (Rose frequently delayed the start of shows by hours at a time) and his mismanagement of the band[27] and difficulties being around Slash, Sorum, and McKagan due to his new-found sobriety and their continuing alcohol and substance addictions.[28] Axl Rose originally wanted Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro to replace Stradlin, but Stradlin was eventually replaced by Los Angeles-based guitarist Gilby Clarke whom Slash credited for saving the band. During many shows throughout the tour, Rose introduced Clarke to the audience and Slash and Clarke would then play "Wild Horses", a Rolling Stones cover. In late 1991, Rose added a touring ensemble to the band which included a horns section and several background vocalists despite the rest of the band's refusal.
In 1992, the band appeared at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert, performing a two-song set. Slash later performed "Tie Your Mother Down" with the remaining members of Queen and Def Leppard vocalist Joe Elliott, while Axl Rose performed "We Will Rock You" and sang a duet with Elton John on "Bohemian Rhapsody". Their personal set included "Paradise City" and "Knockin' on Heaven's Door". When they returned to the US for the second leg of the Use Your Illusion tour, Queen guitarist Brian May opened the shows with a band that included Cozy Powell on drums. Axl had originally wanted the grunge band (and labelmates) Nirvana to open their Use Your Illusion tour but frontman Kurt Cobain refused. Cobain also made some negative comments[citation needed] about Guns N' Roses which infuriated Rose and started of one of his biggest feuds, other than the ones with his band-mates.
Later in the year they went on the GNR-Metallica Stadium Tour with American Metal band Metallica. During a show in August 1992 at Montreal's Olympic Stadium, Metallica frontman James Hetfield suffered severe burns after stepping too close to a pyrotechnics blast. Metallica was forced to cancel the second hour of the show, but promised to return to the city for another performance. After a long delay, during which the audience became increasingly restless, Guns N' Roses took the stage. However, the shortened time between sets did not allow for adequate tuning of stage monitors, resulting in members of G n' R not being able to hear themselves. In addition, Rose claimed that his throat hurt,[29] causing the band to leave the stage early. The cancellation led to another riot by audience members, reminiscent of the St. Louis riot, that had occurred one year earlier. Rioters overturned cars, smashed windows, looted local stores and set fires. Local authorities were barely able to bring the mob under control. This can be seen on video in A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica. On MTV's Rockumentary about Metallica, the band spoke about this tour and how they learned from Guns N' Roses what not to do.
The historic tour ended in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on July 17, 1993. The tour set attendance records and lasted for 28 months, in which 194 shows were played. The show in Buenos Aires marked the last time original members Slash and McKagan as well as newcomers Clarke and Sorum would play a live show with Rose. At the tour's conclusion, Axl Rose would fire Gilby Clarke without consulting anyone claiming he was only a "hired hand".
Guns N' Roses (sometimes abbreviated as G N' R or GnR) is an American hard rock band. The band formed in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California in 1984. Led by frontman and co-founder Axl Rose, the band has released six studio albums, three EPs, and one live album while going through numerous line-up changes and controversies since its formation. Rose is the only consistent original member of Guns N' Roses.
The band has sold more than 100 million albums worldwide,[6] including shipments of 43.5 million in the United States.[7] The band's 1987 major label debut album, Appetite for Destruction, has sold in excess of 28 million copies worldwide and reached No. 1 on the US Billboard 200 and is also the highest selling debut album of all time both in the US and worldwide. In addition, the album charted three Top 10 hits on the Billboard Hot 100, including "Sweet Child o' Mine" which reached No. 1.[8] The 1991 albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II debuted on the two highest spots on the Billboard 200 and have sold a combined 14 million copies in the United States alone and 35 million worldwide. After over a decade of work and many lineup changes, the band released their follow-up album, Chinese Democracy, which debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and was certified platinum in the United States.
The current lineup comprises lead vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarists Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal and DJ Ashba, rhythm guitarist Richard Fortus, bassist Tommy Stinson, keyboardists Dizzy Reed and Chris Pitman and drummer Frank Ferrer.
Guns N' Roses' mid-to-late 1980s and early 1990s years have been described by individuals in the music industry as the period in which "they brought forth a hedonistic rebelliousness and revived the punk attitude-driven hard rock scene, reminiscent of the early Rolling Stones."[9]
The band has sold more than 100 million albums worldwide,[6] including shipments of 43.5 million in the United States.[7] The band's 1987 major label debut album, Appetite for Destruction, has sold in excess of 28 million copies worldwide and reached No. 1 on the US Billboard 200 and is also the highest selling debut album of all time both in the US and worldwide. In addition, the album charted three Top 10 hits on the Billboard Hot 100, including "Sweet Child o' Mine" which reached No. 1.[8] The 1991 albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II debuted on the two highest spots on the Billboard 200 and have sold a combined 14 million copies in the United States alone and 35 million worldwide. After over a decade of work and many lineup changes, the band released their follow-up album, Chinese Democracy, which debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and was certified platinum in the United States.
The current lineup comprises lead vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarists Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal and DJ Ashba, rhythm guitarist Richard Fortus, bassist Tommy Stinson, keyboardists Dizzy Reed and Chris Pitman and drummer Frank Ferrer.
Guns N' Roses' mid-to-late 1980s and early 1990s years have been described by individuals in the music industry as the period in which "they brought forth a hedonistic rebelliousness and revived the punk attitude-driven hard rock scene, reminiscent of the early Rolling Stones."[9]
როკი
როკ-მუსიკა — მუსიკის პოპულარული ჟანრი, რომელიც განვითარდა 1960-იანების შემდეგ, განსაკუთრებით ამერიკასა და ბრიტანეთში. მას ფესვები 1940 და 1950-იანების როკ-ენ-როლიდან აქვს. როკ-მუსიკაზე დიდი გავლენა იქონია R&B-მ და ქანთრიმ. როკის ერთ-ერთი მთავარი ინსტრუმენტებია ელექტროგიტარა, ბას-გიტარა და დრამი.
.
...არ მიყვარს ბიბლიოთეკებში სიარული..რატომ?? იმიტომ, რომ არ შემიძლია კითხვა ხალხმრავალ ადგილას(თუმცა ხმაურიანი არაა ბიბლიოთეკა)..ან უბრალოდ ჯერ არ დამჭირვებია და ახლო მომავალში თავს შემაყვარებს მისი მყუდროებით,სიძველით და წიგნებით.
არც ახლა მინდოდა ასვლა ილიას ბიბლიოთეკაში,იგივე მიზეზის გამო..თანაც მართალი რომ ვთქვა მეზარებოდა და სიზარმაცე ყველაზე ცუდი რამაა ადამიანში.. სიახლეებს გაურბის და ვიწრო ურთიერთობით შემოიფარგლება!! ასეთ ადამიანზე შემიძლია ვთქვა, რომ დიდი მომავალი არ ექნება!
თემას გადავუხვიე..მოკლედ უნდა ავსულიყავი და მეც არ ვიცი რა უნდა გამეკეთებინა! ალბათ უყურადღებობის გამო , მაგრამ ვისაც კი ვკითხე დავალებაზე თუ რა უნდა გამეკეთებინდა, მიპასუხეს: ფოტო უნდა გადაიღო და ბლოგზე ატვირთოო!! მეც ეს გავაკეთე და ამის გამო ალბათ კიდევ შემძულდება ჩვენი ბიბლიოთეკა! რა დავარქვა ამ ფოტოს??! მასწავლებლის დავალება რომელიც მაინც და მაინც ვერ გავიგე რაში მჭირდება!:((
იმედია გაკიცხვას არ მივიღებ ჩემი უაზრო მსჯელობის გამო!!
მომიტევეთ წინასწარ!
თქვენი მარიამი;)
Sunday, April 17, 2011
Tuesday, April 12, 2011
mariam kokozashvili: მუსიკა ჩვენს ცხოვრებაში
mariam kokozashvili: მუსიკა ჩვენს ცხოვრებაში: "მუსიკა (ბერძნ. μουσική musike) არის ხელოვნების სახე, რომელიც სინამდვილეს ასახავს მუსიკალური მხატვრული ფორმებით და აქტიურად ზემოქმედებს ადამ..."
მუსიკა ჩვენს ცხოვრებაში
მუსიკა (ბერძნ. μουσική musike) არის ხელოვნების სახე, რომელიც სინამდვილეს ასახავს მუსიკალური მხატვრული ფორმებით და აქტიურად ზემოქმედებს ადამიანის ფსიქიკაზე. მუსიკას შეუძლია კონკრეტულად და დამაჯერებლად გადმოსცეს ადამიანთა ემოციური მდგომარეობა. იგი გამოხატავს გრძნობებთან დაკავშირებულ განზოგადოებულ იდეებს.მუსიკალური სახეების ხორცშესხმის საშუალებაა განსაზღვრული წესით ორგანიზებული მუსიკალური ბგერები. მუსიკის ძირითადი ელემენტები და გამოხატვის საშუალებებია: რიტმი, მეტრი, ტემპი, დინამიკა, ტემბრი, მელოდია, ჰარმონია, პოლიფონია. მუსიკა ფიქსირდება სანოტო ჩაწერით და ხორციელდება შესრულების პროცესში. შესრულების საშუალებების შესაბამისად მუსიკას ყოფენ: ვოკალურ, ინსტრუმენტულ და ვოკალურ–ინსტრუმენტულ სახეებად. მუსიკა ხშირად თანმხლებია ხელოვნების სხვა დარგებისა: ქორეოგრაფია, თეატრალური ხელოვნება, კინო. განასხვავებენ ერთხმიან (მონოდია) და მრავალხმიან (ჰომოფონია, პოლიფონია, ჰეტეროფონია) მუსიკას.
ანტიკური და თანამედროვე ცივილიზაციის ხალხებმა საკუთარის მუსიკალური სისტემები განავითარეს. თითოეული კულტურის, ხალხის ხასიათის თავისებურებები ვლინდება მის მუსიკაში. ხალხური შემოქმედების საფუძველზე საზოგადოების განვითარების კანონზომიერებების შესაბამისად ვითარდება პროფესიული მუსიკა, ჩნდება სხვადასხვა სტილები, სკოლები, მიმდინარეობები. მუსიკისათვის დამახასიათებელია მდგრადი ტიპიური სტრუქტურები, რომლებიც გამოხატავენ კონკრეტული ეპოქის მუსიკალური აზროვნების თავისებურებებს.
Tuesday, March 22, 2011
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